I. Physical gene transfer methods

a. Particle bombardment/micro projectile/biolistics
b. Electroporation
c. Microinjection
d. Laser mediated transformation
e. Ultrasound mediated transformation/Sonication
f. Liposome mediated transformation
g. Silicon carbide fiber mediated transformation

II. Chemical gene transfer methods
a. PEG mediated gene transfer
b. Transfection using Calcium Phosphate
c. The poly cation DMSO technique
d. DNA inhibition by cells, tissues, embryos and seeds