Damping off1. Damping off:
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C.O: Pythium aphanidermatum (Eds.) Fitz
(Class: Oomycetes; Order: Peranosporales; Family: Pythiaceae)
Symptoms:
• Infection usually starts on the germinating seeds.
• Spread to the hypocotyls, basal stems and developing tap root.
• Affected seedlings are pale green.
• Brownish water soaked lesions at the basal portion of the stem.
• Lesion girdles the stem, extending up and downwards.
• Affected tissues rot and the seedling collapse.
Management:
• Use ratified seeds for sawing.
• Treat the seed with metalaxyl @ 3 g/Kg seed.
• Privide better drainage by forming raised bed.
• Recommended seed rate to be applied.
• Drench the copper oxychloride fungicides @ 0.25% on the on set of disease
Anthracnose and fruit rot
Anthracnose and fruit rot
2. Anthracnose and fruit rot:
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C. O. Colletotrichum capsici (Syd.) Butt. and Bisby.
Symptoms:
• Appear mostly on ripened fruits, so called as ripe fruit rot
• Spots are usually circular and sunken with black margins
• Sunken spot is covered with a pinkish mass of fungal spores
• In advances, the spots spread, forming concentric markings with dark fructification- Acervuli
• Fruits with many spot drop off prematurely, resulting heavy loss
• Also attack the fruit stalk and spread along the stem, causing die-back symptoms
Management:
• Treat the seeds with thiram or captan @ 3g/kg seed
• Spray mancozeb @ 0.25%
Leaf curl3. Leaf curl:
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• Dwarfing, puckering and severe curling of the leaves
• Mottling, excessive branching, stunting and complete
sterility of the plant
• Virus transmitted by the whitefly (Bemisia tabaci)
4. Root knot:
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C. O. Meloidogyne javanica (Treub.) Chitwood
Symptoms:
• Characterized by severe knotting of the roots
• Stunting of plant and poor fruiting
Management:
• Use disease free seedling for transplanting
• Use disease resistant variety
• Avoid the monocropping of solanaceus crops
Apply carbofuran @ 33 kg/ha soil application during onset of infection
