Jassids/ leaf hoper (Amrasca biguttula biguttula):
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• Early sown crops are highly susceptible to jassid attack and found to be very active during February to June with a peak population attained in the month of May.
• Control measures

o Apply granular insecticides like carbofuran 3G @ 20-22kg/ha at the time of sowing.
o Spraying with imidacloprid @ 0.3ml/l at the early flowering stage and if required use neem based insecticide for effective and healthy management of the pest.
o Spray the crop with 0.05% phosphamidom (Dimecron 1.5 ml/1) at 10 days interval.

Red spider mite:
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• Four spider mite species, Tetranychus urticae Koch, T. macferlanei Baker & Pritchard, T. ludeni Zacher and T.
• Control measures

o Use of balanced fertilizer and proper irrigation to keeps the plants healthy and reduce mite attack.
o Spray the crops with neem based acaricides during first occurrence of mite in the crop.
o Heavy infestation requires acaricidal application (dicofol @ 2.5 ml/1; propergite @ 1.5 ml/1 or diafenthuron @ l ml/1) to save the crop.

Shoot and fruit borer(Earias vittella; E. insulana):
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• They bore into the top shoots stem, flower buds and fruits which results in drying up of shoots and dropping of flower buds and developing fruits.
• Control measures

o Destroy infested plant parts along with the larvae inside andmaintain sanitation in the field,
o Destroy the alternate host plants like, Malva parviflora, Althaea officinalis, cotton, etc, in nearby field.
o Spray the crop with Spinosad @ 0.25 ml/1 at 15 days intervals.