Sigatoka leaf spot
Sigatoka leaf spot :
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C.O.: Cercospora musae
Perfect stage: Mycosphaerella musicola

Symptoms :

• spots become 1-2 cm long, turn brown with light gray centers.
• Central portion spots becomes necrotic and grayish surrounded by dark brown band with yellow halos.
• In severe infections, the entire leaves die within a few days.
• Spots coalesce to form large irregular patches.
• Premature ripening of banana fruits.

Favorable condition:

• Temperature 23 o – 25 o C. rainy, wet and humid condition, poor drained soils, shady area, closer spacing, weeds and frequent irrigation.

Management :

• The suckers should be selected form disease free area.
• Before planting the suckers should be dipped in a fungicidal solution.
• Remove and destroy affected leaves followed by spraying with carbendazim 0.1 % or propiconazole 0.005% or thiophanate methyl 0.1 % or chlorothalonil 0.2 % or mancozeb 0.2 % along with sticker / spreader teepol or sandovit or triton ( 1 ml / lit).


Panama wilt
Panama wilt
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C. O.: Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense

Symptoms:

• External symptoms of wilting and foliar chlorosis in a banana plant affected by Panama disease.
• Internal discoloration of the host’s vascular system, a classic symptom of Panama disease
• The leaves turn yellow and chlorotic, the leaf petiole breaks off and leaf blade hangs down and withers.
• The entire plant may wilt within 2-3 days.
• When infected rhizome is cut transversely, the disease is seen localised in vascular strands. show typical discolouration.

Management

• Select tissue culture plant for planting.
• Select healthy sucker for planting.
• Sucker treatment with carbendazim.
• Remove infected plants from field.
• Drenching of carbendazim 0.10%.
• Application biocontrol agents and biofertilizers.
• Grow resistant var.- Cavendish. Basrai .


Moko disease/Bacterial wilt

Moko disease/Bacterial wilt
Moko disease/Bacterial wilt
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C. O.: Burkholderia solanacearum

Symptoms:

• Loss: 75-100%
• Symptoms: Affected plant show rapid wilting, collapse of leaves, premature ripening of fruits.
• Stem shows discoloration of vascular strands with wilting and blackening of suckers.
• The infected tissues exudes dirty ,white or grey-brown slimy bacterial ooze.
• Internally firm dry rot found in the fruit
• The fruit exhibits a characteristic dark brown discoloration.

Management:

• Follow strict quarantine and phyto-sanitary measures
• Tools used in the interculturing operations must be sterilized
• Provide better drainage in the field
• Uproot and destroy infected plant / suckers
• Use healthy suckers for planting purpose
• Dis-infection of suckers with formalin along with water (1:3)
• Remove male flower.

Bunchy Top
BUNCHY TOP VIRUS
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C.O.: Musa virus-1

Symptoms:

• Dark green steaks in the petiole and along the leaf veins. Infected leaves become narrow, short and chlorotic.
• In severely infected plant, leaves are typically bunched at the apex forming rosette appearance.
• Young infected plants are stunted.
• In acute primary infection- fruits are not produced or matured and such plant do not die.

Transmission:

• Banana aphid Pentalonia nigronervosa helps in disease transmission.

Management:

• Destruction of infected plant. Use tissue culture plants for planting,
• Selection of healthy suckers for planting.
• Control the aphid by spraying phosphomidon (1 ml/lit.) or methyl o demeton (1 ml/lit) .
• Follow strict quarantine measures during the introduction of new material from one state to other state.

BANANA MOSAIC VIRUS
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• Mosaic symptoms on leaves. Diseased plants are stunted, reduced leaf size and clustered, rarely disease plant produced fruits. Transmitted by Aphis gossypii