Rust
Rust
------

Uromyces phaseoli

Symptoms

• The disease appears as circular reddish brown pustules which appear more commonly on the underside of the leaves, less abundant on pods and sparingly on stems.
• When leaves are severely infected, both the surfaces are fully covered by rust pustules.
• Shriveling followed by defoliation resulting in yield losses.

Control

• Use tolerant varieties
• Spray Mancozeb 3g to control of the disease.


Anthracnose
Anthracnose
-------------

Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, C. capsisi

Symptoms

• The fungus attacks all aerial part parts and at any stage of plant growth.
• Symptoms are circular, black, sunken spots with dark center and bright red orange margins on leaves and pods.
• In severe infections, the affected parts wither off.
• Seedlings get blighted due to infection soon after seed germination.

Control

• Hot water treatment at 54 degree centigrade for 10 min.
• Use disease free seed.
• Follow crop rotation
• Spray mancozeb 0.3% or carbendazim 0.5/Litre.

Macrophomina Blight
---------------------

Macrophomina phaseolina


Symptoms

• In rice fallows, symptoms appear on 4 weeks old green gram crop as raised white cankers at the base of the stem.
• These enlarge gradually and turn as raised brown streaks spreading upwards.
• Plants are stunted and leaves are dark green, mottled and reduced in size.
• Normal leaves on the affected plants drop suddenly and dry.
• Flowering and podding are greatly reduced. When the affected plants are split/open vertically from the collar downwards, reddish discolouration of the internal tissues is clearly visible while the internal root tissues appear white.

Control

• Cultivate resistant varieties.
• Deep ploughing in summer.
• Soil solarization.
• Follow crop rotation
• Soil amendment with farm yard manure is helpful in reducing the incidence of the disease.
• Destroy the diseased plant debris by burning of burying in the soil.
• Seed treatment with carbendazim + Thiram 1:2.


Powdery Mildew
Powdery Mildew
-----------------

Erysiphe polygoni DC

Symptoms

• Powdery mildew is one of the widespread diseases of several legumes.
• White powdery patches appear on leaves and other green parts which later become dull coloured. These patches gradually increase in size and become circular covering the lower surface also.
• When the infection is severe, both the surfaces of the leaves are completely covered by whitish powdery growth. Severely affected parts get shriveled and distorted.
• In severe infections, foliage becomes yellow causing premature defoliation. The disease also creates forced maturity of the infected plants which results in heavy yield losses.

Control

• Use resistant varieties.
• The seeds must be sown early in the month of June to avoid early incidence of the disease on the crop.
• Powdery mildew could be controlled by spraying Carbendazim (0.05%) and Penconalzole (0.05%)
• Two spray of Carbendazim or Thiophanate Methyl 1 g ml or Tridemorph 1 ml per litre, one dose immediately after the disease appearance and the second dose 15 days later effectively manage
the disease


Cercospora leaf spot
Cercospora leaf spot
----------------------

Cercospora canescens

• This is an important disease of green gram and is usually occurs in a severe form, causing heavy losses in yield.
• Spots produced are small, numerous in number with pale brown centre and reddish brown margin. Similar spots also occur on branches and pods.
• Under favourable environmental conditions, severe leaf spotting and defoliation occurs at the time of flowering and pod formation.

Control

• Cultivate resistant varieties.
• Intercrop the moong with tall growing cereals and millets.
• Follow clean cultivation.
• Use disease free seed.
• Maintain low crop population density and wide row planting.
• The crude extracts of cassava, spiny amaranth, poinsettia, ipil-ipil, alascuatro, tagetes, garlic, mayana and zinger are applied for controlling the disease effectively.
• Mulching reduces the disease incidence resulting in increase yield.
• Cercospora leaf spot was effectively controlled by only a spray of Carbendazim (0.05%) at 30 days after sowing.


Dry rot
Dry rot
---------

Rhizoctonia solani

Symptoms

• The pathogens cause seed decay, root rot, damping-off, seedling blight, stem canker and leaf blight in green gram.
• The disease occurs commonly at podding stage.
• In the initial stages, the fungus causes seed rot, seedling blight and root rot symptoms.
• The affected leaves turn yellow in colour and brown irregular lesions appear on leaves.
• On coalescence of such lesions, big blotches are formed and the affected leaves start drying prematurely.
• Roots and basal portion of the stem become black in colour and the bark peels off easily.
• The affected plants dry up gradually.
• When the tap root of the affected plant is split open, reddening of internal tissues is visible.

Control

• Grow resistant varieties.
• Avoid moisture stress in the soil especially at podding stage.
• Seed treatment with 4g Trichoderma viride formulation.
• Seed treatment is effective is reducing the disease incidences.
• Seed treatment with Thiram + Carbendazim (2:1) 0.25% seed reduces the disease.